In August 1960, the French colonies in Africa declared independence one after another. 5 Aug did Upper Volta. Since 1984, the country is called Burkina Faso. In the language of the Gyula “Burkina” means “country”, and “Faso” in the language of Moore — “honest (decent) people.” The last bright page in full tumultuous events of the history of the country of decent people — the overthrow of the ruling 27 years old dictator.Mr. Morekolodi Upper Volta was created by France in 1919, from territories that were part of other colonies — Ivory Coast, Upper Senegal and Niger. The colonial administration forced the local population to grow cotton and build roads. Began in 1929 the world economic crisis made the colony unprofitable. In 1932 Upper Volta was disbanded, its territory divided among the neighbouring colonies. In 1947, Upper Volta was restored in the borders of 1932 as an overseas territory of the French Union. In 1958 became an Autonomous Republic in the French Community, as well as 11 other African colonies of France.The Chairman of the government Council of Upper Volta, Daniel Coulibaly in the summer of 1958 went for treatment in France and 7 September of the same year he died in Paris.The choice of a successor Coulibaly determined the way in which the colony went on.Upper Volta could become a monarchy. Wanted Moreau naked (in the language of Moore, “the head of the world”) Kohri, 36-th member of the dynasty, who ruled for more than eight centuries by the people of mossi, which includes more than half of the population. 17 Oct 1958 Kohri sent 3,000 of its soldiers to the Territorial Assembly building in Ouagadougou, when they discussed the election of a new head of government. See French soldiers, Royal soldiers retreated. The colonial army called on the help of Maurice Yameogo. He was elected the new head of government.In November 1958, four colonies — French Sudan, Senegal, Upper Volta, and Dahomey — announced plans for federating the Mali. But this way Upper Volta did not. Federation took place and was short-lived, but without her.Photo: AFPЕще prior to the independence of Upper Volta took the path, which the heads of neighbouring States often chose after independence. From October 1958 to August 1960 Maurice Yameogo managed to dissolve the Parliament to change the electoral law and to ensure conducted on the new rules the election of the party “Baltiyskiy democratic Union — African democratic Association” (UDV-RDA) parliamentary majority, to eliminate parliamentary opposition to be elected President in uncontested elections, ban all political parties except his.Read diabrotica with real and fictional political opponents Monsieur Maurice (as in the country called the President Yameogo) and continued after independence on 5 August 1960. He was removed and appointed Ministers in a live radio, was arrested close on suspicion of conspiracy. The President alienated the elite— is deprived of subsidies to Catholic schools, and criticized Muslim preachers, changed the system of local self-government and deprived of subsidies to the tribal leaders, banned independent unions.In March–April 1965, the President Yameogo visited in the USA and asked the US President Lyndon Johnson on financial aid for Upper Volta and two neighbouring States of Ivory Coast and Niger. Getting 3 billion CFA francs (about us $12 million) at three, my billion Yameogo sent to a numbered account in a Swiss Bank.At the wedding witnesses from the groom was the President of Ivory Coast Felix Houphouet-Boigny and President of Niger Diori Amani. Honeymoon the couple spent in Brazil and in the Caribbean.Two weeks before the wedding Maurice Yameogo won a resounding victory in the presidential elections, received 99.97% of the votes with a turnout of 98.4%.Photo: AFP1965 year was for Maurice Yameogo successful. And on January 3, 1966 popularly elected President lost power. Troops sent to suppress the General strike and anti-government protesters refused to shoot at people. Instead, the military arrested the President and forced him to leave his post.After the removal Yameogo from power as the new President of Upper Volta became Lieutenant-Colonel of Sangole Lamizana (soon after coming to power he arrogated to himself the rank of General).Military against phoenixpico: Getty Mademore overthrow Yameogo Parliament was dissolved Upper Volta, suspended the Constitution, banned political parties. The new Constitution, adopted in 1970 provided for a gradual return to civilian rule and free elections. Free presidential election in which for the first time in the history of the country was attended by several candidates was held in may 1978. General Lamizana won in the second round, with 56.3 per cent. These elections are considered to be one of the most honest in the entire history of West Africa.After winning the election, President Lamizana rules long. 25 November 1980 he was overthrown in a military coup, which was organized by the commander of the garrison and the chief of military intelligence Colonel Zerbo SKU. Two years later, on 7 November 1982, he Zerbo was ousted by a new military coup. Came to power a group of officers who called themselves the Provisional Committee of national salvation. The new President was elected the one who had the highest military rank military doctor, major Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo.��and 28 February 1983, the military group planned to eliminate the President and other members of the Provisional Committee for national salvation and the return to power SKU Zerbo, but the conspirators were unmasked and taken into custody.African Che Leveratto: AFP10 January 1983 Prime Minister of Upper Volta was appointed army captain Thomas Sankara. The government SKU Zerbo it for eight months worked as the Minister of information and famously travelled to work by Bicycle, not by car, and also allowed the journalists to publish revelatory articles. At the head of the government of Sankara did not stay long. In conversations with the President, he said that the country needs to move faster on the path of democracy and the triumph of progressive ideas. Progressive Sankara believed the ideas of socialism. In may, he was dismissed and placed under house arrest. Of involvement in his arrest accused France and Ivory Coast. Several students and members of trade unions, organized a demonstration to protest against the arrest of Sankara, was also arrested. The country had been sent Ambassador to Libya, accused in conversation with the local military, he said that Sankara should be released.Photo: AFPОтстранение from office and arrest Sankara caused a great discontent in the army. 4 August 1983, shortly after President ouédraogo congratulated the country on the upcoming anniversary of independence, the capital of Upper Volta became a column of soldiers.The power in the country passed to the revolutionary National Council (LDC). President Ouedraogo was arrested and released from custody Thomas Sankara became the new head of state, leading the LDCs. In the foreign press Chairman, LDCs are often called by the President.Referring to the people on the radio, Sankara called for the establishment of committees for the defence of the revolution and proclaimed: “homeland or death! We will win!”The idea of committees of protection of revolution was borrowed from Fidel Castro. These structures are the same as in socialist Cuba, was to be “a collective system of revolutionary vigilance”.On the second month of the Board Thomas Sankara gave an interview to the newspaper “Pravda” and TASS, which said, “In Upper Volta began the process of change… These changes are intended to radically change the entire structure Baltiiskogo society in the interests of the masses. We are talking about liberation from all forms of domination and oppression imposed on us by international imperialism and internal reaction. The leading force of the people’s democratic revolution, which began in Upper Volta on August 4, are progressive-minded military together with representatives of other walks of life… We take great interest in the life of socialist countries. We can not attract their achievementstion in the reconstruction of society based on social justice, high organization, achievements in various fields of human activity.”After coming to power, 33-year-old Thomas Sankara has launched a programme of large-scale radical reforms in all spheres of life.At the initiative of Sankara, Upper Volta was renamed Burkina Faso. The country had to get rid of a colonial name and become a new country, a country of honest and decent people. In this country is not supposed to be corruption and social inequality.One of the first decisions the Chairman of the LDCs Sankara reduced the salary of all public servants (his own salary was the equivalent of $450 per month). He is banned from posting in public institutions their portraits, saying: “in our country seven million Thomas Sankar”.In order to support the national economy all civil servants were ordered to wear only traditional clothes made from local cotton by local tailors.Sankara nationalized land and mineral resources. Land was distributed to peasants. In the campaign of combating desertification were planted over 10 million trees.High-ranking officials, the President was deprived of Mercedes limousines with personal chauffeurs and put it on the cheapest Renault. LDC chair fly abroad only in economy class and ordered that his subordinates did the same.Thomas Sankara abolished the system by which the villagers had to make offerings to the village chief (the leader) or part-time work for him. This led to the fact that tribal leaders have lost their influence on society.22 September 1984, all the men were ordered to make a home purchase, so they understand what it is. He ordered the creation of a women’s detachment of guards on motorcycles and female rock band “Dove of peace”.In order to combat begging Sankara was organized by state vocational training centers.Read duleesha for two weeks, more than 3 million people in the country were vaccinated against yellow fever, measles and meningitis are annually carried off thousands of lives.To build a just society no one interfered, the President banned trade unions and independent media. Implicated in corruption officials “lazy workers” and the alleged counter-revolutionaries were brought to court the people’s revolutionary tribunals.In 1984 he was arrested and sentenced two former heads of state — SKU Zerbo and Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo. Both were pardoned in 1985.Photo: RIA Novosti October 1986 Thomas Sankara visited the USSR, met with the General Secretary of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev. Despite the commitment of the socialist ideology, the leader of Burkina Faso had an ambivalent attitude towards the Soviet Union. For example, he said about the necessity of bringing the owl��ing troops from Afghanistan. The level of cooperation between the two countries was low, limited mainly by the students from Burkina Faso in Soviet universities and the Soviet loans to the African country. The total size of the debt of Burkina Faso to the Soviet Union by the end of 1980-ies amounted to 4.3 million convertible rubles ($7 million). In 1996, Russia wrote off a large part of the debt, in 2003 the loan was fully settled.Thomas Sankara is often called the “African Che Guevara”. October 9, 1987, the head of Burkina Faso, has delivered a speech dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the murder of Che Guevara. A week later, Thomas Sankara was killed.Eternal folk prespanskoto: Reuters15 October 1987 at about 16:30 the SWAT team, killing two guards entered the room where President Thomas Sankara held a working meeting. After killing the President, the conspirators then shot all those present (one survived, pretending to be dead). Sankara’s body was dismembered and buried in an unmarked grave.The overthrow of the “African Che Guevara” was organized by the very same person who brought him to power, member of the government of Blaise compaoré.In heard radio message about the execution Sankara was called a “renegade”, “a traitor to the revolution”, “a mystic-autocrat”, a “paranoid misogynist” whose rule led the country to chaos.A few days later, he made another charge: Sankara wanted to lead the world revolution.Photo: AFPСразу after the coup, Blaise compaoré, was organized by the popular front, which consisted originally of three Communist parties, but later additions to the social-democratic parties. Blaise compaoré was the head of state and President of the popular front.The closest associates of compaoré in a coup were captain Henri Zongo and major Jean-Baptiste Lingani who participated in the coup of 1983. Under the new regime both held high positions, but in 1989 he was arrested and on 15 October 1989 executed. After their death, compaoré said: “Now people from Burkina Faso know they only have one leader”.1 Dec 1991 in Burkina Faso held presidential elections. The opposition announced a boycott them. The turnout was 27.3 percent. From 868 thousand of ballot papers 118 thousand were declared invalid. So Blaise compaoré became President of Burkina Faso. In the elections of 1998 Blaise compaoré was re-elected for a second term.In 2000, the Constitution of Burkina Faso was amended, limiting the tenure of President to two terms and reducing the presidential term to five years. Despite this, compaoré announced his candidacy in the 2005 elections. He argued that the amendment should operate retrospectively. The constitutional court supported the President, having made the decision that Compaore could run for Presidentyou two more times. Opposition politicians attempted to put up against the incumbent President its single candidate, but they failed to agree on the candidates: nobody wanted to refuse participation. In the end, Compaore scored worth 80.35% of the vote in the first round. Almost with the same result, the President was re-elected in 2010 for a fourth term.The fourth period witnessed significant unrest in the first half of 2011. Protest held military (which had not been paid housing benefits), farmers (unhappy low purchasing prices), entrepreneurs (shop owners, closed for nonpayment of rent), students (because of the murder of a student in police custody and then in protest against the killings of members of student demonstrations), trade unions (protested against high retail prices).The President fled from the capital to his hometown Ziniare, but he managed to hold on to power.In the summer of 2014 the ruling party “Congress for democracy and progress” appealed to the President with a request to organize a referendum to change the Constitution to run in the 2015 elections Blaise compaoré could again stand as a candidate.The planned amendment to the Constitution was discussed in Parliament on 30 October 2014. Supporters of the opposition stormed the Parliament, was set on fire and looted the building. President Compaore has postponed the vote on the amendment, dismissed the Parliament, declared a state of emergency and invited the opposition to discuss ways out of political crisis. The next day the President announced his resignation, and on November 1 left the country and settled in neighbouring côte d’ivoire.A year after the overthrow of compaoré temporarily retaining the power with the military were given the opportunity of holding free General elections.First grajdanskie: RIA Новости29 November 2015 presidential election in Burkina Faso won the Roch Marc Christian kaboré, received in the first round 53,49% of the vote.Rosh kaboré became the first in the country’s history the head of state, unrelated to the army. The father of the current President Charles Bila kaboré was a Minister in the government of the first President Maurice Yameogo. Son during the rule of Thomas Sankara had led the country’s largest Bank International Bank of Burkina. In 1989 he began to work in the government — Minister, Advisor to the President. From 1994 to 1996 — the Prime Minister. From 2002 to 2012 — President of the National Assembly (speaker of Parliament). On November 22, 2020 in Burkina Faso scheduled General election. In July the ruling party “people’s movement for progress” announced that it will support in these elections the incumbent President.Alexey Alexeev
