Morozov — one of the most famous dynasties of entrepreneurs, patrons and philanthropists of Moscow. Its founder Savva Vasilievich made almost impossible. Being a serf, he opened his business, prospered and was soon able to redeem himself and his family. Starting with a small, silk weaving workshop, at the end of life of Savva Morozov was a merchant of the first Guild and owner of many factories. His descendants became the richest people of the country manifested itself not only in the field of industry.
After the October revolution of 1917 all the companies Morozov were nationalized. Their total capital amounted to more than 110 million rubles.
Serf-believer Savva Morozov, owned by the landowner Nikolai Ryumin, never sat idle: worked as a coachman, and a herdsman, and workers. In his youth he worked as a weaver in the silk weaving manufactory Feodor Kononov in the village of Zuevo, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province. He carefully watched how the production, hoping someday to create my own.
Close this way could a recruit’s duty, to which he was called. To forget the dream for 25 years (as then was required to give military Affairs) Morozov did not want and decided on an unprecedented act: Kononov asked to give him a loan a large sum of money to pay off, and switched to piecework. Incredibly, to return the funds he was able in just two years — had a lot of work, denying themselves all over.
In 1797, his wife was Uliana Afanasievna — the daughter of a dyeing master. Father gave her five gold rubles dowry, and this money has enabled Morozova to open his own workshop.
after 14 years, worked for him for 20 employees, that in the year produced goods worth more than one thousand rubles — an attachment enterprising Morozov has paid off in spades. In 1812, when the owners of the textile factories lowered his hands, looking at the burned city, Savva Vasilievich was not taken aback, and drew a sad event for their own benefit. He knew Moscow — together with all the provinces — much needed tissue. Shortly before the war in Russia stopped the fabric from England, contributed to this Napoleon. Frost used all possible output of his workshop to build a decent production.
In 1821 he purchased from the landowner himself and his four sons, Elisha, Zachary, Abram and John. The money for his freedom demanded fabulous — 17 thousand rubles. A little later in the Morozov family was born the fifth son, Timothy.
two years Savva Vasilievich was required to purchase from its now former owner of the land in the village of Nikolskoye (now Orekhovo-Zuevo). It is there that later will be created by the famous Nicholas manufactory, which will allow his family never to worry about money.
In Moscow textile factory Savva Vasilievich was founded in 1825. At first things went well, however after the Crimean war (1853-1856) had to close down. In 1830 Morozov opened a factory in Bogorodsk (now Noginsk). There is located a coating chamber and ombeline, as well as the office where the masters were given yarn and received from them a ready-made fabric.
In 1838 Morozov-senior opened the St. Nicholas of mechanical cotton-spinning and weaving mill, and later near the last appeared of a spinning body. Around the same time the entrepreneur started to have problems with health, and his Affairs, he gradually began to pass to the sons. In 1842 as Bogorodskaya institution began to manage male Morozov — he moved it to the village of Glukhovo, and in five years built a mechanical weaving factory. In the same year the family merchants received hereditary honorary citizenship.
In 1855 Zach Savich has created a limited liability company “the Company of Bogorodsko-Glukhovskaya manufactory,” and in 1860 was founded the mutual trading house “Savva Morozov and sons” — a family affair has reached a new level. Savva Vasilyevich died in the same year.
Children by Savva became famous all over the country — everyone except Ivan, who was not interested in entrepreneurship. Most favored by the glory was the youngest Timofey Savvich. Father treated him more favorably than other children. He did not hide the reasons for his special relationship: Timothy is the only one of the brothers felt, what serfdom was born free, a free man — was to be, and things he can lead without looking at anyone.
In the early 1950-ies the father has entrusted to Timothy the organization of work of their factories, trade. Seven years later, the resourceful Timothy began to acquire the new factory land in the Tver province, once again earned the approval of his father. Tverskaya Manufaktura was established in 1859. In 1873, Timothy Morozov renamed the family business to the Partnership of the Nikolskaya manufactory “Savva Morozov’s son and”. After a time, she was the best among the textile enterprises of Russia.
the Morozov Machine purchased in England, the dyes were also imported. Its products find it difficult to compete. Timofey Savvich each year received several million rubles. The village of Nikolskoye in that time was like owning Morozov: all the inhabitants have labored Timofei Savvich. His contribution to the country’s economy was so great that he was the first in Russia — was granted the title of “master of manufactures adviser”. In 1882 he was awarded the order of St. Anne — “for outstanding works on the all-Russian industrial-artistic exhibition in Moscow.”
in Addition to the main activities, he was co-founder of the Moscow merchant and the Volga-Kama Bank. It pay scholarships to students of the Moscow technical school, have invested money in the construction of a gynecological clinic on the virgin’s field.
Morozov often intermarried with other powerful families of merchants or Industrialists. So, the wife of Timofei Savvich was Mary Simon, the cousin niece of the industrialist, publisher and owner of the estate Kuntsevo Kozma Soldatenkov. The couple settled in trekhsvyatitelsky lane for their rich estates had their own prayer house, a greenhouse. In General, the couple tried to stick to the old believer way of life, but from the noisy reception could not refuse.
Mary supported her husband in all his endeavors. More than 20 years she has helped charitable institutions, donated to the churches, for which he received the insignia of the first contracts in Russia. Helped to get an education to poor and talented girls, put up money for scholarships at the Moscow school. After yourself, Maria Fyodorovna left the largest fortune in Russia — 30 million rubles.
Her younger son Sergey has opened a Museum of Handicrafts — the collection amounted to acquired the exhibits of handicraft of the all-Russian artistic-industrial exhibition in 1882. Soon, the patron moved the Museum from the outhouse of the mansion on the corner of the Znamenka and the Vagankovsky lane in a converted premise in Leontief lane.
an Uneasy relationship with Maria Feodorovna was with his son Sava, named in honor of his grandfather. Family guy was considered a madman. He refused a noble title, who wanted to welcome him, the king himself. Not paying attention is not the dissatisfaction of parents, 26 years married to Zinaida Morozova, the former wife’s own cousin, nephew, Sergei Vikulovich. Scandal: a divorced woman, and even a relative! But Savva was adamant. The wedding present he built for his beloved neo-Gothic mansion on Spiridonovka. The architectural project involved the Fyodor Shekhtel, and interior design — then a little-known Mikhail Vrubel. Balls, receptions, dinner parties — with a light hand of the mistress in this house atmosphere was always fun.
Masterpiece Schechtel: experts have confirmed the value of the mansion of Savva Morozov at Spiridonovka
Savva Morozov is known primarily as a philanthropist. He generously helped the Moscow art theatre, absolutely no expense is spared on its development. The money Morozov, for example, was built in Kamergersky lane. Two thousand rubles for the theatre also gave his brother Sergei.
a Graduate of Moscow University and Cambridge, at the age of 29 Savva was elected the Moscow exchange society. He strengthened the position he inherited Nikol manufactu��s, turning it into one of the largest enterprises of Russia. He was concerned with the plight of the workers, he saw to it that they receive a decent wage and worked in good conditions. Like his father, he helped them to improve their skills. Not forgetting the speciality of a chemist, which he received in England, Savva founded in the Urals, the anonymous society of the United chemical factories “S. T. Morozov, Krell and Ottmann”, which produced dyes for fabrics.
Savva Morozov supported the revolution of 1905. He donated money to an illegal newspaper “Iskra”, sponsored the publication of “New life” and “Struggle.”
Despite the refusal of the nobility and a scandalous marriage, is the most extravagant representative of the genus was not Savva Second, and Arseniy Morozov, his nephew. The young man was not interested in the family business; solutions to business issues he preferred charity, various spiritual practices and journeys.
Once in Portugal he saw a Palace Palacio Nacional da Pena and realized that in Moscow he needs a home in this style. Over an eclectic mansion began to openly laugh even during construction. Arseny’s mother, Varvara Alexeevna, sealed with a sharp phrase: “Early one I knew that you are a fool, and now finds out the whole of Moscow”.
Killed Arseny Morozov stupidity. During a party, he said that he could shoot himself in the foot and not feel the pain — all thanks to esoteric exercises. Friends did not believe the young man grabbed the gun… who knows if he had felt physical suffering or not, but he died from blood poisoning.
avant-garde planetarium, a commune house, an eclectic mansion. Six important buildings in Presnensky district and the surrounding area
Varvara Alexeevna was also a famous patron of arts. It was she who insisted that to build a psychiatric hospital on the virgin’s field. Also helped Moscow University, provided scholarships, and the money was created school. Varvara Morozova had established a reading room named after I. S. Turgenev — it was the first free library in the city. Books she particularly liked: in the house on the Vozdvizhenka she inherited after the death of her husband, Abram Morozov, she organized a literary salon. His guests were Valery Bryusov, Andrey Bely, Alexander Blok and others.
the Tver manufactory for some time managed (and very successfully) Ivan Morozov, the son of Abram Savvich. He also participated in the Affairs of the Moscow merchant Bank, was one of the founders of the Russian joint-stock companies coking industry and the production of benzene.
But his real love was painting. He was fascinated by the French Impressionists. Ivan Morozov collected more than 600 works — one of the largest collections in mjireh. He didn’t care about the price of masterpieces — the important thing is that he could admire them when wanted. Picture was located in his eclectic mansion on Prechistenka, who miraculously survived the fire of 1812 and later rebuilt. When you rebuild the house Ivan Abramovich was asked to provide a room with thick stone walls and a concrete ceiling. If necessary, it could bury the entire collection.
After the revolution, his collection was nationalized. Ivan Abramovich was asked to become Deputy Director at the new Museum that never opened. Later the collection came to the Museum of new Western art, and today she can be seen in the Pushkin Museum Pushkin and the Hermitage.
the Founder of the famous Morozov children’s hospital — Alexei Morozov, the son of Vikula Eliseevich. Alex Vikulovich continued the family tradition regarding philanthropy and charity. Atmosphere, which by 1900 had formed in Moscow is not pleased: children suffering from whooping cough, diphtheria and other diseases, do not receive adequate treatment. Morozov decided to build a private hospital in which children are treated free of charge. In the construction he invested his father’s inheritance — 400 thousand rubles. Called the hospital in memory of Vikula the Eliseevich.
Morozovskaya hospital from a vital necessity to the technological revolution.
three years before that Morozov headed the Partnership Vikula Morozov sons, but then gave up the leadership in favour of his brother Ivan. In the first place the Creator of the hospital was his collection of pictures, porcelain and prints — he took a mansion in Vvedensky lane, rebuilt. By the way, this project met again the architect Fyodor Shekhtel, and the painter Mikhail Vrubel. After the revolution, this house opened the porcelain Museum (today the Museum of ceramics in Kuskovo), and Alexey Morozov became his guardian.
