Andrey, in 2014 the Federal program of development of Crimea and Sevastopol are adjusted not for the first time: some items excluded, some added. What are the constant quantitative and qualitative amendment?
Andrey Nikitchenko: From 2015, the program held 12 adjustments. Quantitatively (by amount and by number of objects), it has increased by 40 percent. Indeed, in the next adjustment programme surpass a trillion rubles. This growth causes a and its extension until 2024, which is now being discussed. Of course, there are difficulties with the construction of certain facilities under design, construction, and even at the stage of commissioning. However, the timing of the program to determine the introduction of new objects.
as for quality, all infrastructure is important. In the first years of the program focused on the priorities – and they are already solved to a great extent, especially in energy and transport. Now included more objects are needed not so much at the moment, but for future development. Such a transition requires a more precise justification of new facilities, and we work together with the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
What are the new important and large objects can appear in the list of CPF?
Andrey Nikitchenko: the Draft programme provides for the inclusion of 13 new transport infrastructure, including the construction of the road Belogorsk-Privetnoye, and the bypass of Simferopol on the site of Donskoe-saddle. Also included are more than 30 objects of water supply and sanitation in the Crimea. In Sevastopol you add the objects on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation: the cadet corps of the Investigative Committee, hospital building №4, the first phase of the stormwater pipeline on the North side (inverted siphon). And important event, formulated by the Directorate – development of planning and investment rationale for comprehensive development of the city in order to construct housing.
Many residents of the Peninsula had expected the Federal program will be a powerful driver for the development of regions and growth of their GDP. In your opinion, did the program the same long-lasting battery for the regions?
Andrey Nikitchenko: FTP removes infrastructure limitations and helps to integrate Crimea into the Russian economy. On its completion will be a full-fledged modern transport, energy, social infrastructure and housing facilities with a focus on water supply and sanitation. But it is important to note that infrastructure – of course, basic and important, but not the only one. In itself the programme does not guarantee economic growth and development. Remains the equally important question: will it run economic growth and increase the tax base, will it turn subsidized subjects of the Russian Federation of the Crimean Peninsula self-sufficient.
what determines the answer to this question?
Andrey Nikitchenko: to obtain the answer, the authorities of subjects of Federation need to be clear about what is capital and what sectors will dominate in the region, what will be the value added of the economy of the Peninsula? What is the role of high-tech industries and science? How Crimea and Sevastopol will be embedded in the economy of the black sea region and the economy of the South of Russia in General? Will it be possible to achieve a synergistic effect with the development of neighboring regions of Russia?
after the first phase of the program, when the most burning issues are resolved, we understand that in addition to the opportunities presented by the Federal program, there are risks period after graduation. And the main risk for the region to fall into the trap of subsidization in the case that the costs of maintaining built infrastructure will grow, but their income will not cover.
If you don’t count basic infrastructure is there in the program objects that will help you to avoid this trap and intensify the economic development of the regions?
Andrey Nikitchenko: to Reach the trajectory of sustainable economic growth and bezdotatsionnyj is only possible through the involvement of private capital in the economy of the Peninsula. But not at any price and any capital! Private investment can lay the long-term trend growth, and to lock it to preserve old industries and technologies, old management approaches, and thus to block sustainable development.
the Crimea and Sevastopol does not need private capital, destroying the future value of the region’s economy. And we need investment, contributing to opening new opportunities, building sustainable tax base for the region, the emergence and development of new human capital.
In FCP quite a lot of objects which together can provide the basis for such development. An example would be Western Crimean town of Saki, where the program 25 more are under construction of objects of engineering, social and tourist infrastructure. In the case of pairing with these objects promising concepts of integrated development, you can recreate the Spa resort high-level centre of sport and recreation tourism for the whole country.
last year, actively discussed the inclusion in the Federal programme of a bridge over the Bay in Sevastopol and a belt. These two objects – the basic infrastructure or the necessary point of development of the economy?
Andrey Nikitchenko: In the first stage, as I said, the program was formed based on the need of patching infrastructurex holes. Now the inclusion of new sites in the Federal program comes from the understanding of where the actors move in their development. Under this angle, based on the understanding of vectors of development of Sevastopol, it is necessary to assess the need for inclusion in the program of such a large and expensive facilities, as Rokada in Sebastopol and the Bay bridge.
If the hero city continues on its current trajectory, the need for the construction of bridge and belt is not obvious. If to speak about the transition of Sevastopol to a new quality – from the city with a single center to polycentric structure, where there are several cores with their own subculture, with its economy and with its contribution to the culture and economy of the city – it is these nuclei need to be developed and interconnect. In this case, and Rokada and the bridge are key objects because one of these cores appears on the North side of the city, and it would be wrong to develop such a centre, not connecting it with the South side.
But now districts of Sevastopol actively built and grow…
Andrey Nikitchenko: Now the city develops and grows. And different things. Each year, official statistics show that the city is home to more and more people. But if to estimate the population based on the consumption of basic services and goods, then, according to acting Governor Michael Razvozhaev, the city is now home to 400 and more than 700 thousand people. And population growth will continue. Sevastopol will become a “millionaire”.
But if the increase in population is not accompanied by the growth of sustainable industries and the creation of full jobs, the city became uncomfortable because of the gap between the income of different social groups of residents. This will inevitably lead to a contradiction between those who come to the city and those who live in it. Also it will be uncomfortable if you drive on roads, laid many years ago and designed for 300 thousand of the population, while people much more. Plus do not forget about the Ukrainian heritage – chaotic development to the detriment of public spaces, which is usually built around urban culture.
the Creation of a polycentric structure of the city – the path to organic development, in which the combined and population growth, and the opportunity to create new public space for citizens, improving their quality of life. Otherwise the city will grow, but not develop, becoming more uncomfortable.
In a polycentric system, however, there is a risk of turning individual cores of the city independent from each other enclaves and the loss of integrity and historical identity of the metropolis. To the integrity and identity is not lost, and to develop a new core of the city, the “bridge” ��infrastructure.
in Sevastopol In the framework of the Federal target program needs to build a medical cluster. How it will affect future development of the city? It will be calculated only on Sevastopol, or Crimeans will also be able to use it?
Andrey Nikitchenko: In Sevastopol, the programme assumes the construction of 10 health facilities with a total funding of more than 22 billion rubles. By themselves, capital investments and built hospital buildings are not part of the industry or cluster.
the Industry involves in addition to the buildings and the presence of professionals who will work there, and understanding where they come from, where the study. The cluster also differs from industry to the existence of very organic and intensive horizontal communication between individual companies within one industry – in this case medical, which suggests certain synergy effects. As a rule, this happens only if you have the component of science and research, when these hospitals are University departments, leading research and providing training.
But in Sevastopol, there is no medical University…
Andrey Nikitchenko: No, which is why the cluster is still far. A basic thing – construction infrastructure, the second is attracting high-class specialists, but that’s not the cluster. In a cluster it will be only in case if there will be a science, and between different branches of medicine there synergistic effects. And then this design will begin to work for themselves, attracting customers from all over the Crimea, and then with the whole of southern Russia.
And a yacht Marina in Balaclava, on which the programme provides for the amount of 7.2 million rubles, could be one of the engines of development of the city?
Andrey Nikitchenko: To Balaklava Sevastopol could be an interesting and promising core. But by itself Balaklava yacht tourism on the Peninsula will not create. This full-fledged industry will arise only in the case that will cover the entire Crimean Peninsula and the Russian coast of the Krasnodar territory. Without the creation of the black sea yachting infrastructure itself Balaclava will become a platform development project with low efficiency for investors, and the place of unique potential core of the city appears unpromising enclave, irritates people from other areas.
To avoid this, on the initiative of the Directorate are developing a project rationale of creation of the infrastructure of yacht tourism along the entire Crimean Peninsula.
What are the risks of Crimea and Sevastopol, the non-use of the underlying conditions produced by FTP?
Andrey Nikitchenko: the Crimea and sevas��ol has secured one of the most honorable places in the history of Russia with its heroic past – both distant and recent. Historical subjectivity is guaranteed. Another question, transformirovalsya this historical subjectivity to the political and administrative. In Sevastopol periodically discussed the status of the town – the sensitive subject, he always has been, even in Soviet times.
I think, deep down, Sevastopol realize that only one of the past – historical subjectivity, and even the Patriotic status of the capital is not enough to be a full-fledged subject of the Russian Federation. For the status of a self-sufficient entity of the Russian Federation, all existing components should be complemented by a strong economic component – the presence of the modern economy, which would make the subject not consuming, and giving to the Federation, not subsidized, and donor. And this is probably one of the weaknesses of the region at the current stage, and one of the most difficult tasks.
help “WG“
Andrey Nikitchenko – Director General of the Directorate for the management of the Federal program.
Born March 12, 1970 in Sevastopol. A graduate of MGIMO (University) of the MFA of Russia, master of Economics from the London school of Economics; PhD in political science.
the Federal target program of development of Crimea and Sevastopol until 2020 adopted by the Russian government in 2014. Later the programme was extended until 2022.
Now in the FTP object is 891, of which 581 211 of the Crimean and Sevastopol. On June 1, 2020, completed 334 of the object.
