Dmitry Mikhailovich how to avoid new Tulun?
Dmitry Kirillov: All cities facing the rivers. If the city is the Kremlin, he is always on the banks of the river, we are drawn to water and suffer from it. Very often economic development of the territories is without consideration of natural flood zones. In order to prevent danger to human life during floods, the government adopted a resolution on floods and flooding. Rosvodresursy install them on the basis of proposals of regional and local authorities. So people have been warned about the risks in buying a home, information about the boundaries of flood zones are included in the Unified state register of real estate. Buying the land, people should be aware of the risks that their house or building can be flooded.
If we allow the population to build a home there, it is necessary to hold protective events to build up a protective dam to artificially boost site to flood-free elevations, to increase the capacity of riverbeds, to build bypass channels. You need a clear agreement and documentation of the boundaries of these flood zones.
After Sochi proposes to forbid people to build in such areas. This will be done?
Dmitry Kirillov: the Bill with such initiative prepared by the government. Our suggestions relate not so much to the town planning code, how much Water, of the mode of economic use of flood zones.
the President has already instructed to install all flood zones in the country. But only after the floods in Tulun regions did it in full force. They prepare their proposals, we affirm. Now such zones of about eight thousand. About half of them – 4000 – already defined entities, we adopted 2.5 thousand, and another 1.5 thousand are coordinated with other agencies.
I Believe that once we will complete this work zone will be put on the cadastral account and we will be able to develop these areas in a civilized and predictable. Establishment of flood zones is necessary first of all to ensure the safety of people.
How many regions remain flooded? What is the forecast for the summer?
Dmitry Kirillov: across the country, flood is a regular, even below long-term average levels and the values in may it will be completed everywhere. In two weeks we will enter the water in the summer.
Now the 27 regions are at flood stage and flooding, of which only eight imposed a state of emergency, and not regional, and municipal level. The situation is stable for this time of year. There are problems in the Komi Republic, Yakutia, Arkhangelsk region, Nenets Autonomous district, but they are associated with seasonality.
There are atypical areas of flooding in the pool�� Kama. This is due to the abnormally hot season and rainfall in the North-West of Russia, in Siberia and in the Urals. According to Roshydromet, on the Kama river in the Perm region the water level is above the adverse level, in the Kirov region flooded roads and residential buildings. Expect on the Kama river in the coming days, the situation stabiliziruemost. Survived the flooding of the floodplain for certain rivers, the Vologda and Kirov regions.
Roshydromet in March and April gave a forecast about the dry may and hot summer. In may, the situation has changed, the rains came, we faced the necessity of sudden changes in operation of the reservoirs.
This summer enough water?
Dmitry Kirillov: All of the Volga reservoir is close to the design marks, are filled on 100%. Based on the predictions of a hot summer, we all winter the water collected in the reservoir saved. Therefore, in the Volga basin all 60 million citizens will be provided with water.
There is nothing to compare – last year was one of the most critical for the entire observation period for filling reservoirs. And in 2020 the high water in the Volga basin started 3-4 weeks earlier than usual and threatened to further drought, but the situation has changed and it began to rain, despite the forecasts.
moreover, this year we seem to have, there is one record of fishery releases to the lower reaches of the Volga river, we started on 7 April (usually April 15) and will continue until June 1, which will create favorable conditions for spawning in the lower reaches of the Volga.
In Siberia and the far East, the situation in the reservoirs normally, yet no worries at all.
Problems in the South?
Dmitry Kirillov: Yes, there are difficulties in the basins of the don and Kuban. The don noted water shortage, the forecast of Roshydromet disappointing, about 20% of the norm, the inflow to the Tsimlyanskii reservoir generally extremely low for the entire period of its operation. We have restricted all the expenses of the water reservoir. Is only the so-called integrated discharge in the lower reaches of the don, to ensure the sanitary status of water and drinking water supply in the area of 180 cubic meters per second. This water will be enough for uninterrupted supply of population and agriculture. Internally limited to shipping, which was scheduled to begin on the don from April 1, until June, otherwise jododefitsita and deteriorating sanitary condition of the river was inevitable.
Difficult conditions in the basin of the Kuban, in Stavropol and Krasnodar edges. In connection with the upcoming water shortage we are still in February have restricted the release of the Krasnodar reservoir, leaving only the sanitary flow to accumulate the water resources for rice cultivation. We understand that the Kuban is the capital of the Russian rice ends up flooded with rice paddies and rice. Then slowly we will reduce the cost of Redtarskogo reservoir for savings.
In the Stavropol region, given the low inflows of the river Kuban, we prioritize the fulfillment of the Great Stavropol canal and all of the reservoirs that feed the Stavropol region. This point, which are now in the area of our attention through the water. The situation is far from the picture the best years, but emergencies are avoided.
What is the situation in the Crimea?
Dmitry Kirillov: There’s a second year of low inflow of water. Dry years usually coincide, if they happen, usually last 2-3 years in a row. Now in fact there is a second year, but thanks to the implemented measures, the question of water supply of the Crimea as a whole are resolved, the point of tension, only one – the city of Simferopol. It has nothing to do with the Eastern Crimea (Kerch, Feodosia), which was without water after the shutdown of the North Crimean channel, no Walleye, no Sevastopol. But in Simferopol abnormally low inflow to the reservoirs.
the Main problem that still has not solved the problem of rational use of water and reduce losses in housing. Loss there’s just a huge, on some channels they reach 80%, particularly from 66 million cubic meters of water consumption per year of the city and Simferopol area losses reach 53%. This is unacceptable in this water-scarce region. And the main question there is not in the search for water, because it is a natural factor. There look do not look, will surely come dry year, when it will not. The question is in respect to it and its rational use. Crimea is now rekonstruiruet water supply network, in parallel, employ additional intakes in the water system of the city. The economical and careful approach, despite the dry year, problems with drinking water supply should not be.
Where else has the same problem utilities?
Dmitry Kirillov: Such egregious data as in the Crimea, is no longer anywhere. The average level of losses in the country is 20-30%. In the North Caucasus, the situation is worse than in the Central part of the country where wear chains much lower. In General, the best situation is in the cities. In small towns where a big problem with the rates not enough money, and more problems.
For availability of clean drinking water is necessary redistribution of water resources, the device of reservoirs, what is done for the year?
Dmitry Kirillov: It is a question of territorial redistribution of resources in regions where water is physically not present, she later appeared. In the same Crimea, the planned construction of the Intermountain reservoir, which will solve the problems of Simferopol and Sevastopol in dry years. But it takes 3-5 years. The same applies to the construction or reconstruction of reservoirs, clearing the recovery project capacity – very often they are silting – up of the volume, which they could previously make. This is our current work, we are planning it, in many regions, including in Crimea, in Stavropol territory.
How has the work in connection with the pandemic? Conduct scheduled inspections in 2020, virtually halted regulatory authorities.
Dmitry Kirillov: Operation of hydraulic and treatment plants is in normal mode. Experts provide continuous operation of protective structures and reservoirs. Sewage treatment plants – the object of life-support, so they are no exceptions to the rules no work, they provide and treatment, and water supply and its purification.
realy propose to introduce a ban on the sale of detergents that contain 5% phosphates. How serious is this problem?
Dmitry Kirillov: Rosvodresursy support the initiative to ban detergents with phosphates. We rely on data scientists of the Siberian branch of the RAS on the need to stop the use of phosphate detergents in the Central and buffer ecological zones of the Baikal natural territory. Now the substances contained in synthetic detergents, contribute to the mass growth of blue-green algae, the growth of Spirogyra. Task constraints in the collection of such polluting substances in water objects is one of the priorities. This initiative has stalled because of the harmonization of our rules and regulations in the Eurasian economic Union. Russia can not unilaterally limit the use of such funds, but the Ministry is continuing this work.
this year, a “black list” of unscrupulous water users. Who and what gets there?
Dmitry Kirillov: market Participants who abuse their rights at auctions, and then refuse the conclusion of contracts of water use, or a person who does not comply with the conditions of permits and contracts. Today there are already 16 companies and individuals, the right of usage of water objects with them forcibly terminated. I hope that their experience will warn others, and the registry will remain unclaimed.
How to work on the national project “Ecology” was affected by the epidemic, is there a lag?
Dmitry Kirillov: We participate in three Federal projects of the national project “Environment”: “Clean water”, “Improvement of the Volga” and “protection of lake Baikal”. In 2019 all project indicators were met, some even exceeded an average of 20%. This year, of course, the pandemic affects their performance, each region sets its mode of operation, the rules of admission to the construction work and contract��organizations, but almost 80% of the work we have contracted, contractors have begun implementation planned in the framework of the national project activities. Therefore, we remain in the graph.
How is the rehabilitation of the Volga river?
Dmitry Kirillov: and In the Volga basin is very strong anthropogenic pressure; there are 60 million people, more than a third of the population of Russia. Naturally, there has developed the most ecological situation: the load on water resources of the river eight times higher than in Russia on average. Every year in the Volga receives more than 2.5 million tons of pollutants. By 2024, we need to reduce the amount of polluted runoff three times.
In the framework of the national project “Ecology” in the priority of bringing to the cleanup standards organized Stoke – on what we can measure and test. The focus is on reconstruction (modernization) of treatment facilities of housing and utilities in big cities. This will allow multiples to reduce the flow of contaminants in wastewater, including nutrient, contributing to the development of blue-green algae, improve water quality by chemical indicators. This deals with the Ministry of construction of Russia. Rosvodresursy in his part carried out a complex of measures on the Lower Volga, the ecological rehabilitation of water bodies, clearing of channels, tributaries. By the end of this year Rosvodresursy will Finance the cleanup of more than 300 hectares of ponds and 40 km of water bodies.
in Addition to wastewater, up to 50% of pollution of the Volga river can come with unregulated nonpoint reset salhotra, rural areas, unequipped storm drains. This topic is also on the agenda, it requires monitoring, research scientists, and only then develop some specific solutions. This deals with the water problems Institute of RAS. After the study of the topic diffuse runoff scientists we are ready to do it. Unfortunately, we do not even existing treatment facilities to set standards is not clear.
Construction of the hydroelectric station on the Volga river has altered the ecological balance?
Dmitry Kirillov: It really is. But you must understand that without the cascade of reservoirs we would be faced with a much larger number of floods and droughts. Due to the fact that in Soviet times was built the lower Volga hydroelectric power station, we regularly have special releases from the reservoirs. Without these discharges the dry periods damage the unique natural ecosystem of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, the UNESCO world network of biosphere reserves of the UNESCO programme. Residents of Volgograd and Astrakhan regions face a shortage of water for domestic and sometimes drinking water.
Rosvodresursy consider the construction of a complex gas transportation system and the bypass channel neo��are essential to the unique complex of course. This will further flooded the river Akhtuba and understand. In the framework of the Federal project “Rehabilitation of the Volga” is the design of main structures: water intake, intake canal, plant, and systems of estuaries. This project will create the necessary hydrologic regime for irrigation of the upper part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. System of estuaries will provide an opportunity to reallocate water in the course of the year.
in Addition, the population of the region will receive permanent access to water, there will be additional incentives for comprehensive development of adjacent territories. We hope that this decision will help to restore the natural balance without compromising existing infrastructure.
