chief Physician of the military hospitals, J. A. L. de Kerckhove, says Kirckhoff, published in 1814, a work in which he narrates his experience as a physician during the Russian campaign of Napoleon. He shows himself appalled by the extent of the disasters that have accompanied the ill-fated expedition. He described the forced marches, the privations, the severity of the climate, the sometimes conduct licencieuse of the soldatesque. And to tell the baneful effects of fevers, dysentery and typhus. He left 600 000 men, and over 200,000 died in battle, of starvation, cold and disease.

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