The proportion of Russians living below the poverty line in 11 regions of the country in 2019 exceeds 20% in Russia on average it was above 12%, with Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district, the figure was a minimum of 5.6%, and in Tuva was a maximum of about 35%, according to a study RIA Novosti*.
of the Loss of income during a pandemic
The global crisis caused by a coronavirus, he said, and, as experts believe, will affect the standard of living of large numbers of people. For example, in Russia, about 1.5 million people lost their jobs because of the pandemic, and even more income declined, thus, in a significant number of households material resources will be less. The state has significantly increased financial support of the population, especially families with children, so that the negative effects of the economy can be partially offset by measures by the state.
The loss of income more negative only reflects on the poor, because even a small reduction in earnings forces them to abandon the base spending. In addition, people with low incomes have very limited capacity to generate savings, and, consequently, they have no savings for "rainy day".
In this regard, as experts stress, it is important to understand how poverty Russia came to the current situation. In 2019 in poverty (income below the subsistence minimum) lived 12.3% of Russians, or almost 18 million people, which is less than 2018 (12.9 per cent). For comparison, the smallest share of the poor in modern Russian history was recorded in 2012, when it amounted to 10.8% or 15.5 million people, and if you compare with the situation in 2000, the number of poor people in Russia decreased by 2.3 times.
The numbers almost always demonstrate significant differentiation in the regional context. According to statistics, the difference in average and median per capita income "rich" and "poor" regions is around three to four times. Thus, the problem of material security and poverty in different regions is very different.
of what do you think the income
To identify regional disparities experts RIA Novosti news Agency prepared a rating of the regions per capita income. As the main indicator, which ranked the regions of Russia, is the ratio of the median monthly per capita income of the region’s population (the median – the level at which exactly half the population have incomes above it and 50% below) to the cost of a fixed set of goods and services in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation in 2019, to account for the different scale of prices in different regions.
Additional indicators are the proportion of the population below the poverty line (income below the regional subsistenceth low) and the proportion of the population below extreme poverty (incomes below half of the regional subsistence minimum). The median incomes used in the calculations are the evaluation of RIA Novosti on the basis of Rosstat data.
The national average ratio of median incomes and the cost of the fixed kit of goods and services amounted to 1,65. In 65 regions of values it is lower than the national average, and 20 in the regions above the national average.
of the North – leaders
The highest average income in relation to the cost of a fixed set of goods and services observed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. This region is the only one where the median income is more than three times higher than the cost of a fixed set. Thus, by Russian standards, in this region people can expect very good level of material well-being, and in comparison with developed countries it can be called a decent result.
Second place in the ranking is another Northern oil and gas region – Nenets Autonomous Okrug. He’s not far behind the leader, here the ratio of income to the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services is at the level of 2.92. In General, these two regions occupy the first places with a large enough margin.
Moscow, located on the third place, behind the leader at the sample rate of almost 30%. Then, too, with a noticeable gap from the first three, the fourth and the fifth position is taken by Chukotka (2,27) and Magadan oblast (2,26).
In addition to these regions in the top ten also includes Sakhalin (a ratio of 2.22), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (2,17), Moscow oblast (2,08), Saint Petersburg (2,05) and Tatarstan (1,97). For comparison, the 20-th region in the ranking (Kursk oblast) the ratio of the median income and fixed dialing is on the level of 1.65, and the 50th (Vologda region) – 1,45.
The regions of the bottom of the table indicators of the relationship of the median income and cost of the fixed kit of goods and services are at a relatively low level. The Tyva Republic, which occupies the 85th place in the rankings, he is only 0,97. Another four regions is in the range of 1.0 – 1.1, and in General from 15 regions of the country it does not exceed 1.3.
the Poor people in rich regions
According to the study, 17 subjects of the Russian Federation the proportion of the poor (income below the subsistence minimum) is less than 10%. For comparison, a year earlier, these regions were 15. This is mainly the regions with high incomes.
We should also mention the number of regions where poverty is very low, despite very high average income in these regions is likely a well-developed social policy, the leveling materialth state residents.
In particular, Tatarstan can boast that income is the tenth, and the share of poor shows, the fourth result. A similar situation in Saint-Petersburg, Belgorod, Leningrad areas and some regions. We can say that in these regions, the income distribution is relatively uniform, which is beneficial to the poverty rate.
There are also opposite examples, when the region has a high median income, but exactly quite a marked level of poverty. For example, Yakutia is one of the 15 leading regions by median income to a fixed set of goods and services, that is, on the whole, its residents can be attributed to the wealthy, but the share of the poor is one of the highest in the country at 17.9 percent.
A similar situation in Komi – 22-e a place at the income and the share of the poor is 15.5%. In the Kamchatka region, the ratio of median income to a fixed set is equal to 1.63 (21-th place in Russia), and the share of poor is 15%.
The study showed in two regions the proportion of poor exceeds 30%, and the level of poverty of 15% and above exhibit 29 regions. The highest poverty level is registered in the Republic of Tyva (34.6 per cent), almost three times more than the national average.
the Struggle for survival
The number of people living below the poverty line, actually experience not just some need of money, and just struggling financially for survival. In Russia as a whole is 1.9% of the population have incomes less than half of the subsistence minimum (in 2018 this figure was 2.1%), which can be called extreme poverty or even poverty.
Extreme poverty, like other indicators, is quite unevenly distributed on the territory of Russia. In nine regions, less than one percent of people have incomes less than half the subsistence level. We can say that this proportion of extremely poor people is close to the level of statistical error. Overall, half of the regions the extreme poverty level does not exceed 1.6%, that is, this issue is quite rare and can be resolved at the level of individuals.
Not all regions can boast a low poverty rate. The highest percentage of people below the extreme poverty observed in Tuva, which is not surprising given other indicators. About 6.6% of the population of this Republic is in an extremely precarious financial position. Much better situation in Ingushetia, where the extreme poverty line is 4.8% of the population. Even slightly below this figure (4.2 percent) in the Altai Republic. It is still possible to speak about the acute problem of poverty in these three regions.
In the other nine regions, the proportion of extremely poor people is in the range of 3% to 3.5%, and in five subjects of Federation – from 2.5% to 3%. In these regions the problem of poverty is also enough about��tro and requires a comprehensive approach to overcome it.
According to experts, the problem of incomes, on the one hand, is inextricably linked with the growth of the economy and social policy. On the background of the crisis and, accordingly, a marked deterioration in business activity to wait for a quick solution to the problem of poverty is not worth it.
The current economic woes are temporary, but even when re-start economic growth and wages, to fight poverty it will be necessary to take additional measures of social support and stimulation, experts warn. After all, there are examples at the level of countries and individual regions when scarce resources are distributed evenly, allowing you to defeat poverty as a social problem.
Experts RIA Novosti expect that the level of income of Russians may be returning to growth in 2021, but to reduce the poverty rate below the record low level in 2012, most likely in the short term will not succeed.
*The rating is based on the ordering Agency RIA Novosti experts of RIA Rating.
